Types of Surveying |Classification | Basics

ConstructionFeeds
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23rd April, 2019

Measurement is one of the key features of any sort of construction and engineering. Hence the need for surveying is so vital. Let’s have a look at the must-know types of surveying that are essential.

In brief, surveying is the measurement process by which surveyors can determine the position of points and the distances and angles of various objects on the earth’s surface with accuracy. The entire measurement process is done horizontally by producing a map to any appropriate scale.

Surveying in Different Sectors:

To make a geographical map consisting of the hills, valleys, rivers, villages, towns, forests, etc. of a country.
To create a cadastral map that shows the borders of fields, houses, and other properties.
To produce an engineering map that illustrates the detailed engineering works like roads, railways, reservoirs, irrigation canals, so on.
To prepare a contour map to find out the capacity of a reservoir and to uncover the best possible route for roads, railways, and so forth.
To generate a geological map showing regions along with underground resources.

There are certain principles to perform surveying. They are as follows:

First up, the entire area is surrounded by main stations (which are also called controlling stations) and main survey lines (controlling lines). By building well-positioned triangles the area is then segregated into a number of parts. An equalized triangle is contemplated as the well-fitted triangle. With the help of a standard chain, the main survey lines are measured precisely. After that, the sides of the same triangle are calculated. This method is used with a view to restraining accretion of error. By the way, if any error occurs, it can always be traced and removed.

In accordance with the second one, the new stations should be fixed by linear or angular measurements from fixed reference points all the time.

Different Types of Surveying:

Surveying is basically categorized as following: